Controlling pigeons through Integrated Pest Management (IPM) focuses on humane methods that discourage roosting and nesting without causing harm. Here are effective strategies for managing pigeon populations:

1. *Exclusion:*
– Install physical barriers such as netting, spikes, or wires on ledges, windowsills, and other roosting sites to prevent pigeons from landing and nesting.
– Seal off entry points to buildings and structures where pigeons may enter to roost or nest.

2. *Habitat Modification:*
– Remove food sources such as spilled grains, garbage, and pet food that attract pigeons.
– Minimize water sources such as ponds or birdbaths that pigeons use for drinking and bathing.

3. *Repellents:*
– Use visual or auditory deterrents like reflective surfaces, predator decoys (e.g., plastic owls or hawks), or ultrasonic devices to scare pigeons away from roosting areas.
– Consider taste repellents applied to surfaces where pigeons roost, but ensure they are safe and effective.

4. *Behavior Modification:*
– Implement humane harassment techniques like motion-activated sprinklers or noise devices that startle pigeons when they attempt to roost.
– Use scare tactics intermittently to prevent pigeons from habituating to the deterrents.

5. *Monitoring and Maintenance:*
– Regularly inspect buildings and structures for signs of pigeon activity such as droppings, feathers, and nests.
– Maintain physical barriers and deterrents to ensure their effectiveness over time.

6. *Educational Awareness:*
– Educate building occupants and the community about the importance of preventing pigeon roosting and nesting through proper waste management and building maintenance.

7. *Professional Assistance:*
– For persistent pigeon problems or large infestations, consult with a pest management professional experienced in bird control. They can provide additional options such as trapping and relocation, if necessary.

By integrating these IPM strategies, you can effectively manage pigeon populations while promoting a safe and healthy environment for both humans and wildlife. It’s essential to prioritize humane methods and avoid causing harm to these birds whenever possible.